top of page
Search

INSIGHT 2: Homes for All the Family: Meeting the Demand for Pet-inclusive Habitat

Updated: Feb 9


ree



Pets at the Heart of Homes

Today, more than half of the global population—some 4 billion people—share their homes with pets.[1]  In the U.S., the EU, Brazil, and China alone, over 500 million dogs and cats reside alongside their human companions.[2] 


In India, where urbanization and shifting lifestyles are accelerating this phenomenon, the pet dog population stood at over 33 million in 2023, with projections indicating it could surpass 51 million by 2028. [3]


As pets stake their claim in family life, their domestic footprint has expanded in ways few could have predicted. 


No longer confined to the backyard or a designated corner of the house, they now often occupy the home’s most intimate spaces—with some even sharing beds and becoming part of the private realms that shape people’s lives. [4–8] 


Cats, once the emblem of aloof independence, are also adapting. A recent study[9] in the UK suggests that nearly half of domestic cats now live primarily indoors,  a trend expected to grow, driven by urbanization and increasing concerns over their safety.


These shifts reflect a broader evolution, underscoring how homes are becoming the heart of multi-species families, with pets now integral to daily life.


As our households evolve to reflect this change, one question persists: are our homes prepared for this new reality?


Evolving Households

Today, a significant portion of households worldwide now reside in rented accommodations, a trend driven by evolving housing markets and demographic shifts. In Europe, Switzerland leads with 61.7% of families living in rental properties, followed by Germany (54.7%), Denmark (49.1%), and Austria (46.8%).[10] 


Even in traditionally homeownership-dominated markets like the U.S. (32.9%) and the U.K. (31.3%), renting has become the reality for many households.[10] To put this into perspective, in 2022, approximately 100 million people lived in rental homes, just in the U.S..[11]


The rental market isn’t going anywhere anytime soon. In key areas, demand is surging, with Europe’s Private Rented Sector (PRS) projected to need 3.6 million more homes over the next decade—an opportunity worth €1.4 trillion.[12] In fact, the sector has already grown by 14% over the past decade, in contrast to a 5% increase in homeownership and a 1% decline in social housing.[12]


Meanwhile, globally, these dynamics intersect with a broader trend of severe housing shortages. Around 1.6 billion people worldwide currently lack access to adequate housing, a number that could rise to 3 billion by 2030, according to UN-Habitat.[13,14] To meet this challenge, 96,000 new affordable homes will need to be built daily.[13,14]


A Growing Gap

Amid the global housing crisis and shifting rental dynamics, it’s no surprise that a growing chorus of voices— academic researchers, animal welfare advocates, politicians, and concerned stakeholders—has been drawing attention to the struggle of countless multi-species families in securing a place to call home.


In the United Kingdom, the situation is particularly stark. Just 7% of rental properties are listed as ‘pet-friendly,’[15] while research[16] reveals that three in four renters face restrictive landlord policies that limit or outright prohibit pets.  Nearly two-thirds (65%) of pet parents face difficulties in finding suitable accommodation, with many encountering obstacles even when pets are allowed.[16] 


Yet this issue stretches far beyond the UK. Reports of multi-species families struggling to find homes are emerging from every corner of the globe, underscoring the scale of a problem that touches millions.


Navigating a Web of Barriers

Even in properties that do not explicitly ban pets, the experience for tenants can often feel just as restrictive. A labyrinth of regulations—frequently left to the discretion of individual landlords—adds complexity to the already difficult task of securing suitable housing for multi-species families. Conditional policies can vary widely, with rules that dictate the type, number, breed, or size of pets permitted.


The financial burden of renting with pets is an additional, often debilitating, obstacle. In many cases, landlords impose hefty financial requirements, including higher deposits or supplementary monthly fees. 


In the United States, pet deposits can range from $250 to $300 per pet, with some landlords demanding up to $500 upfront.[17] Monthly pet rents, typically between $25 and $100, can further stretch the budget of renters.[17] 


In certain cases, these charges are tiered based on the size or breed of the pet, turning what should be a simple transaction into a financially prohibitive undertaking. 


In markets like Japan, where only 15% of rental properties are deemed pet-friendly, these hurdles may be compounded by possible even steeper premiums.[18] 


...and their implications

In tight rental markets, the lack of suitable housing forces multi-species families into difficult decisions. Some settle for subpar conditions that jeopardize their pets’ well-being, others hide their companions in fear of discovery, and the most heart-wrenching cases lead to surrendering pets—many of whom face overcrowded shelters and a bleak future.

For multi-species families, securing stable housing can be challenging even in the best of times. But when crisis strikes, it can become nearly impossible. 


The 2008 foreclosure crisis was a brutal lesson in how housing shocks magnify existing vulnerabilities. As mortgage defaults soared, families scrambled for alternative housing—only to find pet-friendly options scarce, if not entirely out of reach. 


Many were left with an agonizing choice: surrender their animals to overcrowded shelters or move in with relatives who couldn’t accommodate pets.[19,20]


Now, there are signs that history may be repeating itself. In Los Angeles, where wildfires have destroyed more than 12,000 properties, displaced families are navigating an already punishing rental market.[21] On paper, 76% of landlords claim to accept pets—but in practice, strict limitations on size, breed, and number render most listings off-limits.[22] 


Meanwhile, some landlords, sensing opportunity in crisis, have doubled rents overnight, shutting out even those who might have had a chance.[23,24] 


The result is a perfect storm: a housing crisis that disproportionately punishes multi-species families, trapping them in an unforgiving cycle of economic precarity, soaring rents, and a chronic shortage of pet-inclusive housing. And with every new shock—financial, environmental, or both—the crisis deepens.


Yet, Pet-Friendly Homes Benefit Landlords

For years, an assumption has held sway, unquestioned: renting to pet parents is a financial risk, a headache landlords would rather avoid. Yet, supported by a growing body of evidence,[25–27] reality tells a different story—one in which landlords stand to benefit. Research[16] in the UK adds further weight to a truth long known by pet parents families: the true cost of turning away tenants with animals is far greater than the price of welcoming them in.


The figures are compelling. Landlords renting to pet parents report, on average, just £300 ($370) in pet-related damage per tenancy—far outweighed by the £775 ($960) typically spent on non-pet-related repairs. Even more striking, 76% of landlords surveyed reported no pet-related damage at all.[16] 


So why, then, do so many landlords continue to turn pet parents away? One possible reason lies in a stubborn belief that pets may strain landlord-tenenant relations. Yet this myth crumbles under scrutiny. Tenancies that include pets, in fact, lead to the opposite effect. A higher proportion of landlords who rent to pet parents report positive relationships with their tenants—74%, compared to just 70% for those who don’t.[16]


Pet parents themselves echo this sentiment, with those whose pets are allowed expressing greater satisfaction.[16] Pets also help renters feel at home. 82% pet-parents renters say they feel truly settled in their accommodation—far higher than the 74% of non-pet parents.[16] Renters with pets also tend to feel more connected to their community, with 56% reporting a sense of belonging, compared to just 47% of their non-pet-owning counterparts.[16]


Perhaps the most significant advantage landlords gain is a quieter one: longer tenancies. Renters with pets tend to stay in their homes longer than those without. On average, multi-species tenants remain for five months longer. 50% of multi-species renters had stayed in their previous home for more than three years, compared with just 31% of those without pets.[16] This stability leads to fewer void periods and reduced turnover costs, strengthening the case for pet-friendly policies.


A safer property not only brings tangible rewards but also enhances its long-term value. The presence of dogs in a neighbourhood has been shown to deter crime. Research[28] from the US found that communities with higher dog populations experience notably lower rates of serious crimes, including homicide, robbery, and aggravated assault. This effect is especially strong in areas where residents have a sense of trust in their neighbours—likely due to the “eyes on the street” phenomenon. More dog walkers mean more people out and about, at all hours, heightening vigilance and curbing criminal activity. For landlords, this results in long-term benefits: a safer neighbourhood leads to higher property values, attracts tenants seeking stability, and reduces vacancy rates. 


The Quest for Affordability

As the housing market wakes up to the demand for pet-friendly living, an uncomfortable truth surfaces: access comes at a price, and not everyone can pay it. As previously noted, rent premiums for pet-friendly housing can be steep. 


But a closer look at rental listings across Texas’s twenty largest cities reveals a deeper paradox. Lower-cost rentals, though marketed as “pet-friendly,” are far more likely to pile on extra pet fees than their pricier counterparts—penalizing the very families with the least ability to absorb the cost.[29]


Yet, there are also inspiring examples to counter the trend. In Kobe, Japan, an innovative partnership between developers and a fashion retailer has produced affordable, pet-inclusive apartments. With features such as "hide and escape areas" for cats, these spaces strike a delicate balance between safety, comfort, and affordability.[30]  Introduced on the market in 2019 at  ¥60,000 ($388) a month, these units stand as proof that it is possible to build homes that are accessible and considerate of pet families’ needs.[31]


However, such developments remain all too rare. In the OECD and non-OECD EU countries, over 28 million subsidized housing units exist—an enormous opportunity to create inclusive, pet-friendly homes.[10] These are spaces intended to alleviate poverty, homelessness, and social exclusion. 


Yet, all too often, pets are excluded from these spaces, forcing families into the heart-wrenching dilemma of choosing between their home and their animal companions. [26,32–36]


Towards Universal Access

There’s still much to be done, but across the world, the idea that a home should include every member of the family—pets included—is gaining ground. As we argue in our book,[37] this change is unfolding on multiple fronts. Courts are setting new precedents, eroding barriers that have long prevented families from staying together under one roof. Advocacy groups and law-makers are shifting public conversations and indeed legislation. And, the housing market is responding, as developers and property managers begin to embrace pet-inclusive models.


France offers a compelling example of what is possible. For over half a century, its laws have safeguarded renters from blanket pet bans, balancing individual rights with the realities of shared living spaces. The law[38] clearly affirms that any clause prohibiting pets in rental agreements is void, granting tenants the freedom to live with their pets without the threat of arbitrary eviction or discrimination. Naturally, this right is accompanied by the responsibility that pets cause no harm to the property nor disturbance to neighbors. 


We even examined whether this landmark piece of national legislation had ever been contested—and found no evidence of it ever being challenged in parliament. In the often contentious realm of lawmaking, this must certainly be regarded as a rather extraordinary achievement. 


Yet the question arises: could France’s approach encourage other jurisdictions to follow suit?


Beyond Human-centric Homes

Accessing a pet-friendly home seems to be the first step for families who share their lives with animals. Yet, the challenge isn’t just about finding a place that meets legal standards; it’s also about creating a living environment that accommodates the unique needs of the animals who share it.


At first glance, this may seem an entirely reasonable aspiration. However, its practical realization is far more elusive than one might anticipate. We are all too prone to overlook an alarming truth—that the very sanctuary we call home is, in fact, one of the most common sites for accidents. 


According to statistics from the UK, over 6,000 lives are tragically lost each year at home.[39,40] A similar pattern emerges in the United States, where, according to the National Safety Council, nearly 176,000 lives were claimed by preventable injuries in the home and community in 2021 alone.[41] 


In that same year, 52.5 million people sought medical attention for non-fatal injuries, the vast majority of which occurred in the home.[41]


The dangers, however, extend beyond human residents. Household hazards present an equally real threat to pets. Everyday objects—sharp furniture corners, stray electrical cords, discarded socks—can all cause harm to our beloved companions. 


Many pet parents remain unaware that common household substances, from cleaning products to medications, carry serious poisoning risks. Even the simplest foods, plants, and the heat from cooking surfaces can prove hazardous. The threat of house fires is particularly stark, with nearly 40,000 pets losing their lives each year to smoke inhalation.[42] Countless others are injured by the misfortune of knocking over candles or cooking equipment.


No less alarming is the threat of burglary. This crime remains a major threat on both sides of the Atlantic. In the EU, over 1.1 million homes were broken into in 2022—that’s a burglary every 27 seconds.[43] Thefts and robberies also surged, rising 17.9% and 9.7% in just a year.[43] 


In the U.S., while burglary rates have declined, the numbers are still staggering—nearly 840,000 break-ins in 2023, or one every 38 seconds.[44] Even at its lowest level in decades, burglary remains a daily reality for thousands of families. 


The grim reality is that burglars are often willing to resort to violence, endangering not just human lives but the animals caught in the chaos of such an intrusion. Pets, bewildered and frightened, may be harmed—or lost entirely—amidst the confusion of an attack.


Another troubling issue is the rapid rise in pet theft. Once relegated to the shadows, this crime is thought to have grown, particularly in the wake of the global pandemic.[45–49]  Purebred and exotic animals are considered prime targets, and the trauma experienced by pet parents subjected to this cruel violation is unimaginable. The uncertainty of ransom demands and the harrowing fear for the safety of a beloved pet are compounded by the emotional toll of the loss. 


Homes Where Pets & People Thrive

What if homes weren’t just places to survive, but spaces that actively nurture the well-being of every family member—human and animal alike? 


Just as our well-being is impacted by the environments in which we live, so too is that of the animals who share our lives. The impact of our surroundings on our health is well-documented,[50–56] a truth that extends beyond human residents to the animals in our care. 


For the elderly, the disabled, or those requiring ongoing support, the challenges pets face—whether climbing stairs, accessing food, or simply finding comfort—are as pressing as those encountered by their human counterparts.[57–61] Pets need spaces that meet their needs throughout their life-cycle, guided by an interdisciplinary approach that brings together diverse perspectives to create environments that truly serve them. 


The global population is set to rise, with projections suggesting we will need over two billion new homes in the next 80 years.[62] In this context, the opportunity to design homes that take well into account the reality of multi-species families must not be overlooked. 


Yet, the challenge goes beyond new builds. By 2050, most of the homes we will occupy are already standing, and many are out of sync with the sustainability goals we strive for today.[63,64] As these buildings are upgraded to meet net-zero targets, the question arises: can we also make them more suited to the needs of pets? 


What’s more, many of the changes necessary for pets could potentially align with those needed for the aging population, presenting an intriguing possibility for cross-pollination. With the right research, these dual needs could be integrated into the design of existing and future homes, potentially unlocking new avenues for funding and regulatory support, thereby accelerating change.


The opportunities to drive transformative change for multi-species families are abundant, yet they remain constrained by critical barriers, particularly affordability and restrictive policies. These entrenched obstacles not only stifle innovation but also hinder the scaling of the infrastructure necessary to support and expand pet-inclusive habitats. Without addressing these issues, the full potential of pet-centered innovation will remain unrealized. Overcoming outdated living models and adapting them to the needs of today’s households is essential. 


This is an endeavor we can—and must—achieve.


Insight's contributors


Stefano Gnes Vera Gualdi

President & Co-founder Vice-President & Co-founder

Noble Alliance Association Noble Alliance Association



References

1.       Mars, Ipsos. Mars Global Pet Parent Study.; 2024. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.mars.com/sites/g/files/dfsbuz106/files/2024-10/Mars Global Pet Parent Study - FINAL.pdf

2.       Health for Animals. Global Trends in the Pet Population. Pet ownership. September 2021. Accessed January 28, 2025. https://healthforanimals.org/reports/pet-care-report/global-trends-in-the-pet-population/#worldwide

3.       Statista. India: population of pet dogs 2026 | Statista. The overall population of pet dogs in India was over 33 million in 2023. The population is likely to reach more than 51 million by 2028. The growth in the number of pet dogs has led to an increase in pet food sales across the country. July 2024, 2023. Accessed January 28, 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1061130/india-population-of-pet-dogs/

4.       Bender K. Nearly 75% of Dog Owners Let Pets Sleep on Bed | PEOPLE.com. People.com. August 11, 2020. Accessed January 28, 2025. https://people.com/pets/75-percent-dog-owners-share-bed-with-dog/

5.       Chin BN, Singh T, Carothers AS. Co-sleeping with pets, stress, and sleep in a nationally-representative sample of United States adults. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):1-11. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-56055-9

6.       Krahn LE, Tovar MD, Miller B. Are Pets in the Bedroom a Problem? Mayo Clin Proc. 2015;90(12):1663-1665. doi:10.1016/J.MAYOCP.2015.08.012

7.       Benkoff M. Why So Many People Let Their Dogs Into Their Beds | Psychology Today. Psychology Today. September 24, 2022. Accessed January 28, 2025. https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/animal-emotions/202209/why-so-many-people-let-their-dogs-into-their-beds

8.       Rowe H, Jarrin DC, Noel NAO, Ramil J, McGrath JJ. The curious incident of the dog in the nighttime: The effects of pet-human co-sleeping and bedsharing on sleep dimensions of children and adolescents. Sleep Health. 2021;7(3):324-331. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2021.02.007

9.       Foreman-Worsley R, Finka LR, Ward SJ, Farnworth MJ. Indoors or outdoors? An international exploration of owner demographics and decision making associated with lifestyle of pet cats. Animals. 2021;11(2):1-25. doi:10.3390/ani11020253

10.     OECD. OECD Affordable Housing Database. OECD Affordable Housing Database. 2024. Accessed January 27, 2025. https://www.oecd.org/en/data/datasets/oecd-affordable-housing-database.html

11.     Statista. Number of U.S. renters and rental households | Statista. Number of households and residents renting in the U.S. 2022, by structure type. 2024. Accessed January 29, 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/612959/number-of-households-and-residents-renting-usa-by-structure-type/

12.     JLL. Europe needs 3.6 million private rental homes over next decade. JLL News Release. April 3, 2024. Accessed January 28, 2025. https://www.jll-mena.com/en/newsroom/europe-needs-3-6-million-private-rental-homes-over-next-decade

13.     UN-Habitat. Housing | UN-Habitat. Published online 2021. Accessed February 1, 2025. https://unhabitat.org/topic/housing

14.     Rajagopal B. UN Expert Urges Action to End Global Affordable Housing Crisis.; 2023. Accessed January 28, 2025. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/10/un-expert-urges-action-end-global-affordable-housing-crisis

15.     Battersby M. Renting with pets: 7 top tips for finding the perfect pet-friendly home - Zoopla. August 16, 2024. Accessed January 29, 2025. https://www.zoopla.co.uk/discover/renting/renting-with-pets/

16.     McCarthy L, Simcock T, Kara A, Brown P. The Financial Impact of Pet Ownership in Rental Properties: A Cost-Benefit Analysis.; 2024. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://bdch.org.uk/files/The_Financial_Impact_Pet_Ownership_Rental_Properties.pdf

17.     Sokirko A. Pet Rental Fee Guide (2024) | PropertyClub. PropertyCLubNYC. July 16, 2024. Accessed January 29, 2025. https://propertyclub.nyc/article/pet-rent-guide

18.     Pets in My Apartment: Navigating Pet-Friendly Apartments in Japan | E-Housing. August 7, 2024. Accessed January 28, 2025. https://e-housing.jp/post/pets-in-my-apartment-navigating-pet-friendly-apartments-in-japan

19.     Schultz K, Verdon D. Animal relinquishments climb with housing foreclosures. DVM: The Newsmagazine of Veterinary Medicine. 2008;39(4):28. Accessed April 30, 2023. https://www.dvm360.com/view/animal-relinquishments-climb-with-housing-forclosures

20.     The Associated Press. Hidden victims of mortgage crisis: Pets. NBC New. January 29, 2008. Accessed April 30, 2023. https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna22900994

21.     Nemeth M. Governor extends protections against rent-gouging tied to L.A. firestorms • California Apartment Association. January 16, 2025. Accessed January 28, 2025. https://caanet.org/governor-extends-protections-against-rent-gouging-tied-to-l-a-firestorms/

22.     Yates B. California’s housing crisis takes a toll on pets too - Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times. May 31, 2024. Accessed January 28, 2025. https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2024-05-31/pets-animal-shelters-california-housing-crisis-rent-apartments

23.     Ma J. LA housing crisis: Rents soared more than 200% after wildfires | Fortune. Fortune. January 26, 2025. Accessed February 1, 2025. https://fortune.com/2025/01/26/la-housing-crisis-home-rents-wildfires-price-gouging-laws/

24.     Nemeth M. State wildfire bill proposes rent freeze across Los Angeles County • California Apartment Association. California Apartment Association. January 30, 2025. Accessed February 1, 2025. https://caanet.org/state-wildfire-bill-proposes-rent-freeze-across-los-angeles-county/

25.     The Pet Savers Foundation. Pet-Friendly Housing Study - Petfinder. Accessed July 6, 2020. https://www.petfinder.com/dogs/living-with-your-dog/pet-friendly-housing-study/

26.     Battersea. PET FRIENDLY PROPERTIES BRINGING PEOPLE AND PETS TOGETHER FOR HAPPIER HOMES SUMMARY REPORT 2018.; 2018. Accessed November 25, 2020. https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/

27.     Lin Z, Allen MT, Carter CC. Pet Policy and Housing Prices: Evidence from the Condominium Market. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics. 2013;47(1):109-122. doi:10.1007/s11146-011-9351-y

28.     Grabmeier J, The Ohio State University. More dogs in the neighborhood often means less crime. Phys.org. July 5, 2022. Accessed May 1, 2023. https://phys.org/news/2022-07-dogs-neighborhood-crime.html

29.     Applebaum JW, Horecka K, Loney L, Graham TM. Pet-Friendly for Whom? An Analysis of Pet Fees in Texas Rental Housing. Front Vet Sci. 2021;8:1279. doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.767149

30.     Greuner T. This new apartment in Kobe comes with cat-friendly features. Time Out. April 22, 2020. Accessed February 4, 2021. https://www.timeout.com/tokyo/news/this-new-apartment-in-kobe-comes-with-cat-friendly-features-042220

31.      Baseel C. Japan’s new apartments for singles with cats let you live with the only companion you need | SoraNews24 -Japan News-. Soranews24. April 10, 2020. 

32.     Battersea. Written Evidence Submitted by Battersea Dogs and Cats Home [RRS 154].; 2022. Accessed April 30, 2023. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/pets-can-help-their-humans-create-friendships-find-social-support-

33.     Dogs Trust. Calling for pet-friendly bill to cover social housing | Dogs Trust. Social Housing Bill. January 14, 2025. Accessed January 27, 2025. https://www.dogstrust.org.uk/about-us/media-centre/social-housing-bill

34.     Matsuoka A, Sorenson J, Graham TM, Ferreira J. No pets allowed: A trans-species social justice perspective to address housing issues for older adults and companion animals. Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work. 2020;32(4):55-68. doi:10.11157/ANZSWJ-VOL32ISS4ID793

35.     McCabe E, Brown CA, Tan MC, et al. Does fido have a foot in the door? Social housing companion animal policies and policy decision-making in a Canadian city. Hous Soc. Published online 2021. doi:10.1080/08882746.2021.1881745

36.     O’Reilly-Jones K. When fido is family: How landlord-imposed pet bans restrict access to housing. Columbia J Law Soc Probl. 2019;52(3):427-472. Accessed November 19, 2020. https://perma.cc/SX7D-6EL3]

37.     Vera G, Gnes S. Petriots: From Home to the World. (Self-published, ed.). Amazon Italia Logistica S.r.l.; 2024. https://www.amazon.com/PETRIOTS-Journey-Letting-Animals-Fulfillment-ebook/dp/B0CHPMNLQY/ref=zg_bs_g_156477011_sccl_5/136-1464456-7072706?psc=1

38.     Article 10 - Loi N° 70-598 Du 9 Juillet 1970 Modifiant et Complétant La Loi Du 1er Septembre 1948 Portant Modification et Codification de La Législation Relative Aux Rapports Des Bailleurs et Locataires Ou Occupants de Locaux d’habitation Ou à Usage Profe. Accessed January 27, 2021. https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/article_lc/LEGIARTI000025576932/2012-03-24/

39.     Royal Society for the Prevention of Injuries. Facts and figures - RoSPA. 2023. Accessed January 3, 2022. https://www.rospa.com/home-safety/advice/general/facts-and-figures

40.     Royal Society for the Prevention of Injuries. Safe and Active at All Ages: A National Strategy to Prevent Serious Accidental Injuries in England.; 2019. Accessed May 1, 2023. www.rospa.com

41.     National Safety Council. Home & Community: Introduction - Injury Facts. 2023. Accessed May 1, 2023. https://injuryfacts.nsc.org/home-and-community/home-and-community-overview/introduction/

42.     Kahler SC. When fire strikes home. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2018;252(4):376-383. doi:10.2460/javma.252.4.376

44.     Statista. U.S. reported burglary cases 2023 | Statista. U.S. reported burglary cases 1990-2023. November 21, 2024. Accessed January 30, 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/191209/reported-burglary-cases-in-the-us-since-1990/

45.     Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs, Home Office, Ministry of Justice, Defra. Pet Theft Taskforce.; 2021.

46.     Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs, Home Office, Ministry of Justice, Office H, Ministry of Justice. Pet theft taskforce: terms of reference - GOV.UK. August 5, 2021. Accessed September 20, 2021. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/pet-theft-taskforce-terms-of-reference/pet-theft-taskforce-terms-of-reference

47.     Department for Environment F& RA, Ministry of Justice, Home Office, The Rt Hon George Eustice MP, The Rt Hon Robert Buckland QC MP, The Rt Hon Priti Patel MP. Pet abduction to be made new criminal offence in crackdown on pet theft - GOV.UK. Press release. September 3, 2021. Accessed September 22, 2021. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/pet-abduction-to-be-made-new-criminal-offence-in-crackdown-on-pet-theft

48.     AKC Staff. Dognapping: How to Keep Your Dog Safe When Pet Theft Is on the Rise. February 26, 2021. Accessed May 1, 2023. https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/home-living/dog-theft/

49.     Allen D. Dog theft on the rise: how in danger is your pet and what can be done about it. The Conversation. October 15, 2019. Accessed February 25, 2021. https://theconversation.com/dog-theft-on-the-rise-how-in-danger-is-your-pet-and-what-can-be-done-about-it-125010

50.      World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Housing and health guidelines, Recommendations to promote healthy housing for a sustainable and equitable future. 

Department of Housing and Urban Development. Published online 2018:149. Accessed May 16, 2023. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241550376

51.     M Somerville I Mackenzie PODM, M Somerville IMPODM. Housing and health: does installing heating in their homes improve the health of children with asthma? Public Health. 2000;114(6):434-439.

52.     Critchley R, Gilberston J, Green G, Grimsley M. Housing investment and health in Liverpool. Published online 2004.

53.     Hyndman SJ. Housing dampness and health amongst British Bengalis in East London. Soc Sci Med. 1990;30(1):131-141. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(90)90336-Q

54.     Wilkinson D. Poor Housing and Ill Health a Summary of Research Evidence. The Schottish Office Central Researh Unit. Published online 1999:1-17.

55.     Sharpe RA, Taylor T, Fleming LE, Morrissey K, Morris G, Wigglesworth R. Making the case for “whole system” approaches: Integrating public health and housing. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(11):2345. doi:10.3390/ijerph15112345

56.     Bonnefoy XR, Braubach M, Moissonnier B, Monolbaev K, Röbbel N. Housing and Health in Europe: Preliminary Results of a Pan-European Study. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(9):1559-1563. doi:10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1559

57.     Bray EE, Raichlen DA, Forsyth KK, et al. Associations between physical activity and cognitive dysfunction in older companion dogs: results from the Dog Aging Project. Geroscience. 2023;45(2):645-661. doi:10.1007/S11357-022-00655-8

58.     McKenzie BA, Chen FL. Assessment and Management of Declining Physical Function in Aging Dogs. Top Companion Anim Med. 2022;51:100732. doi:10.1016/J.TCAM.2022.100732

59.     Frye C, Carr BJ, Lenfest M, Miller A. Canine Geriatric Rehabilitation: Considerations and Strategies for Assessment, Functional Scoring, and Follow Up. Front Vet Sci. 2022;9. doi:10.3389/FVETS.2022.842458/BIBTEX

60.     Reisen J. Senior Dog Comfort: Tips for Making Your Home More Accessible. American Kennel Club. 2024. Accessed February 1, 2025. https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/making-home-accessible-for-senior-dog/

61.     Bellows J, Colitz CMH, Daristotle L, et al. Common physical and functional changes associated with aging in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2015;246(1):67-75. doi:10.2460/JAVMA.246.1.67

62.      Smith S. The world needs to build more than two billion new homes over the next 80 years. The Conversation. February 28, 2022. Accessed January 5, 2022. https://theconversation.com/the-world-needs-to-build-more-than-two-billion-new-homes-over-the-next-80-years-91794

63.     International Energy Agency. Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector. Published online 2021:70.

65.     VISA. Growth in single-person households is reshaping global travel | Visa. Global Travel Insight. 2023. Accessed January 30, 2025. https://usa.visa.com/partner-with-us/visa-consulting-analytics/economic-insights/growth-in-single-person-households-is-reshaping-global-travel.html

66.     REALTOR.COM. Most Home Buying Pet Parents Would Pass on Their Dream Home if it Doesn’t Work for Fido, According to Realtor.com® Survey - Dec 12, 2022. December 12, 2022. Accessed January 31, 2025. https://mediaroom.realtor.com/2022-12-12-Most-Home-Buying-Pet-Parents-Would-Pass-on-Their-Dream-Home-if-it-Doesnt-Work-for-Fido,-According-to-Realtor-com-R-Survey




bottom of page